【摘要】 目的 探讨高频彩色多普勒超声对浅表软组织肿物的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1-11月70例经手术、活检病理证实的浅表软组织肿物的声像图特征，包括肿物的部位、形态大小、内部回声、边界及其与周边组织的关系、长径与厚度比值（L/T）及病变周边与内部血流分布情况。 结果 超声对浅表肿块病灶的显示率为100%，良性肿瘤有脂肪瘤、表皮囊肿、滑膜囊肿、神经鞘瘤，血管瘤、异物肉芽肿等，恶性肿物包括皮肤纤维肉瘤，转移性腺癌。 结论 彩色多普勒超声对浅表肿块的检出、定位及物理性质可做出准确的诊断，综合分析肿物的边界、形态、内部回声及血流分布等特点对肿物的良恶性诊断具有重要价值。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the value of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosing the superficial soft tissue masses. Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with superficial soft tissue masses from January to November 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Superficial soft tissue masses was diagnosed by the surgery and biopsy. The sonographic features, including the location, morphology, size, internal echo, boundary, relationship with peripheral tissues, longitude to transverse ratio (L/T), and the vascularity, were observed. Results The results of sonographic examination showed that 100% superficial masses could be found. Benign masses included lipoma, sebaceous cysts, synovial cysts, nerve sheath tumors, haemangioma, foreign body granulomas, etc. Malignant soft tissue tumors included fibrous sarcoma and metastatic neoplasms. Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasonography can precisely diagnose the presence, localization and the physical characters of superficial soft tissue masses. It is an excellent modality to diagnose the benign or malignant masses by analyzing the boundary, configuration, internal echo and vascularity of the masses.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of short-time hyperoxia ventilation on lung tissue and pulmonary surfactant proteins C and D (SP-C and SP-D) in rats.MethodsSixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=8): hyperoxia group (FiO2=0.90), air group (FiO2=0.21). Tracheal intubations were administrated after anesthesia, and rats in two groups were exposed hyperoxia or air ventilation for 4 h. At the same time, carotid artery blood gas was analyzed after 2 h and 4 h of ventilation, then oxygenation index (OI) was calculated. Four hours later, the anterior lobe of right lung was taken to observe the pathological change and the injury level was scored. The middle lobe of right lung was prepared for making tissue homogenate, and the remaining part of the lung was used to measure the wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was prepared in left lung. The content of SP-C and SP-D were detected in lung tissue homogenate and BALF by ELISA.ResultsComparing with hyperoxia group, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen, lung histopathology score and lung W/D ratio in air group were significantly increased (P<0.05), but OI, the content of SP-C and SP-D in lung tissue homogenate and BALF were significantly decreased (P<0.05).ConclusionHyperoxia ventilation for 4 h in rats can cause lung injury histologically, and reduce the concentration of SP-C and SP-D apparently in the lungs.
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its high morbidity and mortality have posed a serious threat to global public health. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a proteolytic enzyme involved in regulating extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling. MMP is highly expressed in pulmonary tuberculosis, and its expression is regulated by genes, epigenetic modifications, cellular signaling pathways, immune regulation, and cellular environment. MMP is a potential target for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, this article summarizes the expression and related mechanisms of MMP in pulmonary tuberculosis, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Objective To explore whether the effect of cloud rehabilitation system on motor dysfunction and activities of daily living (ADL) of stroke patients is not inferior to hemiplegia manual treatment. Methods This study adopted a multicenter randomized controlled trial design. A total of 118 stroke patients were enrolled from 5 hospitals in China between April 2018 and April 2019, and they were randomly divided into a trial group and a control group, with 59 patients in each group. The trial group adopted hemiplegia manual treatment (≥30 min per time, once a day) and cloud rehabilitation training (30 min per time, once a day), and the control group adopted hemiplegia manual treatment alone (≥30 min per time, twice a day). All patients received continuous treatment for 2 weeks, and followed up for 2 weeks after that. The Brunnstrom stage (BRS), IK exercise stage, and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) were used to evaluate the motor function and ADL before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results There was no significant difference in gender, age, course, hemiplegia side, source (inpatient/outpatient) or hospital grade between the two groups (P>0.05), which were comparable. Compared with those before treatment, there were significant improvements in the BRS (upper and lower extremities), IK exercise stages (upper and lower extremities), and MBI scores in both groups 4 weeks after treatment (P<0.05). The four-week improvements in motor function indicators (BRS and IK) of the trial group were not inferior to those of the control group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in MBI score between the two groups 4 weeks after treatment (F=1.498, P>0.05). Conclusion The cloud rehabilitation system is not inferior to hemiplegia manual treatment in improving the limb motor function or ADL of patients .
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of escitalopram in the prevention of post-stroke depression (PSD).MethodsPubMed, The Cochrane Library, CBM, WanFang Data, VIP and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on escitalopram in preventing PSD from inception to March 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 6 RCTs involving 891 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with the control group, the escitalopram group could reduce the incidence of PSD (RR=0.55, 95%CI 0.31 to 0.98, P=0.04). In addition, there was no statistical difference between escitalopram group and control group in rate of adverse events (P≥0.05).ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that escitalopram can reduce the incidence of PSD without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the content of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and its osteogenic activity in vitro and in vivo, in order to choose a simple and convenient method to evaluate the osteogenic activity of DBM.MethodsThe left mid-femoral tissues of 9 donors were taken, and DBMs (S1-S9) were prepared by dynamic decalcification process, and inactivated DBM (control group) was prepared at the same time. Protease inhibitor method, collagenase method, guanidine hydrochloride/ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) method, and RIPA lysate method were used to extract BMP-2 in S1-S9 and inactivated DBMs. The BMP-2 content was measured and the differences between DBMs were compared. Then the S1-S9 and inactivated DBMs were co-cultured with mouse embryonic osteoblasts MC3T3-E1, respectively. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT method and fluorescence staining, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected at the same time. Thirty BALB/c male nude mice were divided into 10 groups, namely S1-S9 DBM groups (S1-S9 groups) and inactivated DBM group (control group), with 3 mice in each group. Muscle pockets of the middle thighs were prepared on both hindlimbs of mice in each group, and implanted corresponding DBM materials. At 4 weeks after operation, the samples were taken for HE staining observation and semi-quantitative evaluation, and the new bone formation score was calculated.ResultsThe BMP-2 content of DBM derived from different donor bones was distinct. The BMP-2 content obtained by different extraction methods for DBM prepared from the same donor bone was also different, and the extraction efficiency of the guanidine hydrochloride/EDTA method was the highest. In vitro cell experiments, MTT test displayed that cell proliferations and ALP activity were significantly higher in S4 and S6 groups than in other groups at each time point after co-cultivation (P<0.05). Moreover, the cell proliferation of S4 group was the most significant at 7 days (P<0.05); fluorescence staining demonstrated that the osteoblasts of each group was in good condition, but the osteoblasts of S1, S2, S3, S4, and S6 groups were significantly more than other groups. In vivo ectopic osteogenesis experiments, the cartilage and new bone formation could be seen in the bone graft area of S1-S6 groups at 4 weeks after operation, and with the increase of BMP-2 content, the more new bone formation induced by the material, the higher the score of new bone formation of the material (P<0.05). Among them, S4 and S6 groups contained a large number of chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the osteogenesis area.ConclusionThe osteogenic activity of DBM can be evaluated through BMP-2 quantitative detection combined with in vitro osteoblast proliferation and differentiation experiments.